Researchers at the University of Washington and the University of California-Davis M.I.N.D. Institute developed a technique called the “Early Start Denver Model” (ESDM), a therapy that uses applied behavior analysis (ABA) along with play-based routines, and stresses on building a positive easy relationship with the child.
Sally Rogers, of the UC Davis MIND Institute, co-author of the study explained, "It's a very pleasing kind of therapy, kids are happy. It is play, and it can happen everywhere."
Geraldine Dawson, chief science officer of Autism Speaks and the study's lead author stated, "This is the first controlled study of an intensive early intervention that is appropriate for children with autism who are less than 2-1/2 years of age.
“Given that the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all 18- and 24-month-old children be screened for autism, it is crucial that we can offer parents effective therapies for children in this age range. By starting as soon as the toddler is diagnosed, we hope to maximize the positive impact of the intervention."
Clinical trial of intervention therapy
The researchers conducted a clinical trial of 48 children between the ages of 18 and 30 months with autism and no other health problems. The children were divided into two groups.
One group was provided 25 hours per week of intervention therapy by specialists and trained parents. The second group was assigned traditional community-based programs for therapy. The progress of both the groups was monitored by the researchers.
Outcome of the study
The investigators found no substantial difference in functioning between the two groups in the initial stages of the study. However, at the close of the study, the kids receiving interventions exhibited an average increase of 18 IQ points as opposed to around four points in the community group.
The intervention group also showed a marked improvement in listening and understanding skills as well as social interaction.
In addition, the progress in seven kids of the intervention group was good enough to merit a change in the diagnosis from autism to a milder condition, whereas only one child in the control group had an improved diagnosis.
"Infant brains are quite malleable so with this therapy we're trying to capitalize on the potential of learning that an infant brain has in order to limit autism's deleterious effects, to help children lead better lives," said Rogers.
The study is published online in the journal Pediatrics, by the American Academy of Pediatrics.
About Autism
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by repetitive behaviors, communication difficulties and impairment in social interaction. Nearly one in 100 children in the United States is autistic.
Although the cause of autism is unknown, genetics and environment are believed to pay key roles in the condition.
According to experts, early intervention is effective in reducing disruptive behaviors and preparing the children for classroom learning and coping with the rigors of growing up.
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