Moore scored 20 points in helping Purdue win its third straight game.
Wisconsin rallied from an eight-point deficit with 7 minutes to play and took a 57-56 lead on a 3-pointer by Keaton Nankivil with 41 seconds remaining.
Moore than made his floating jumper that put Purdue back in front. Trevon Hughes missed a two 3-point tries for the Badgers inside the 10-second mark and JaJuan Johnson grabbed the rebound for the Boilermakers with 4 seconds remaining.
Johnson hit two free throws to account for the final score and Wisconsin turned the ball over attempting to inbound it.
Johnson added 14 points for Purdue (17-3, 5-3 Big Ten).
The Badgers (16-5, 6-3) were led by Nankivil, who made 7-of-8 3-point attempts and scored 25 points.
Wisconsin, Purdue, Ohio State and Illinois all have three conference losses. They are battling for second place in the league behind Michigan State, which is unbeaten in eight conference games.
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